Stub Areas:These areas do not accept routes belonging to external autonomous systems (AS) however, these areas have inter-area and intra-area routes. External routes refer to updates passed from another routing protocol into the OSPF domain by the Autonomous System Border Router (ASBR). Inter-area routes refer to updates that are passed between areas. Note: Intra-area routes refer to updates that are passed within the area. The backbone area is the central area to which all other areas in OSPF connect. Standard areas are defined as areas that can accept intra-area, inter-area and external routes. Normal Areas: These areas can either be standard areas or transit (backbone) areas. Each area has its own link state databases. If more than one area exists, area 0 is defined as the backbone area and is used to connect all other areas. All OSPF networks have at least one area with the default being area 0. OSPF routers and links are grouped logically into areas that are identified by assigned numbers. OSPF supports variable length subnet masks (VLSM) and route summarization. OSPF is a link state routing protocol that updates the routing table only when network changes occur, rather than at a predefined interval.
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